WASHINGTON, D.C. - During a Senate Special Committee on Aging hearing, U.S. Senator Tommy Tuberville (R‑AL) pressed members of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission on the risks China poses to America's pharmaceutical supply chain and the increasing wave of international scam operations targeting U.S. seniors.
Commissioners Joshua Hodges, Leland Miller, Reva Price, and Chris Slevin testified before the committee, outlining vulnerabilities in drug manufacturing oversight and the rapid expansion of sophisticated fraud networks across Southeast Asia.
Concerns Over Pharmaceutical Safety
Sen. Tuberville opened by questioning how much confidence Americans should have in the safety of pharmaceutical ingredients sourced from China - a country that now dominates global drug manufacturing.
Slevin noted that the U.S. lacks the data and visibility needed to fully assess risks. While the FDA has authority to inspect foreign facilities, he explained that unannounced inspections are difficult to conduct overseas, especially in China where most production has been offshored over the past several decades.
"It's hard to know what to correct for if we don't have the data," Slevin said, emphasizing the Commission's concern about limited transparency in Chinese supply chains.
Tuberville highlighted that the United States now relies heavily on foreign production, asking whether Americans are essentially forced to "take it for granted" that Chinese manufacturers will meet safety standards.
Scam Centers Targeting Americans
The hearing then shifted to the rise of large‑scale scam centers operating throughout Southeast Asia - many of which exploit stolen data, impersonation tactics, and increasingly advanced AI tools to defraud Americans, including seniors.
Commissioner Leland Miller described the scale of these operations as "staggering," noting that some occupy entire buildings or city blocks and can relocate quickly to evade enforcement.
He added that these centers often operate with at least implicit approval from local authorities and, in some cases, the Chinese Communist Party.
Reva Price clarified that while investigators have not found evidence of direct Chinese government control, there are signs of complicity, including officials "looking the other way" and individuals within the syndicates who also work with the Chinese government.
Hodges added that when scam operations target Chinese citizens, authorities appear able to shut them down quickly - a pattern he described as "an associated linkage" worth further scrutiny.
Crypto and Data Collection Risks
Tuberville also raised concerns about China's position in the global cryptocurrency landscape.
Miller explained that while crypto is officially banned in mainland China, Hong Kong has become a major hub for crypto innovation. Beijing appears to be attempting to isolate the "dirtier side" of crypto while still benefiting from emerging technologies.
Hodges noted that the Commission is examining how Chinese entities may use crypto platforms abroad as tools for data collection - a continuation of longstanding concerns about Chinese apps harvesting user information.
A Growing Challenge for U.S. Seniors
Tuberville concluded by emphasizing the real‑world impact these issues have on older Americans, who are disproportionately targeted by international fraud schemes and rely heavily on imported pharmaceuticals.
The hearing underscored bipartisan concern about China's expanding influence in critical supply chains and digital ecosystems - and the need for stronger oversight to protect American consumers.
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